Fuel atomizer and vaporizer



F. ROCHEFORT FUEL ATOMIZER AND VAPORIZER Filed March 25, 1922" iPatented tbtrt ld, l92d..

ERMQI RUCIEIEFRZIL, mi PARIS, .FRANCE lll'UlElL MOMIZER .lllll'lDVMOMZJER.

application med March 2t, 1922. aerial Ito. 646,911.

cording to my invention, the llquid fuel is subjected to severalsuccessive actions, viz:

1 Forced feeding under high pressure 20 and minglingof the fuel at apredetermined temperature.

2 Atomization.

3 Vaporization and di'us'ion under the mechanical action of a compressedand expanded gas suited to the nature of the liquid to be vaporized.

4t ignition, when applied to combustion ap aratus.

e accompanying drawing, for purposes i of illustration, shows anembodiment of my apparatus in combination with an i nitin device,intended for supplying liquid uel d1- rectly to an internal combustionengine.

The apparatus comprises a cylinder 1 containinor a movable piston-valve2. This Huid-t1 ht piston is hollow in order to have a very ow inertiaand terminates at one end in a valve 3 the movement of which, in directrelation to the movement of the piston valve, is limited by an abutment.

rfhe fuel to be va orized is forced under high pressure into t ecylinder 1, through the port d.

rlfhe com ressed as used to ed'ect the vaporization 1s intro uced at 5and, together with the spring 6, causes the return of the piston-valve 2and the closin of the valve 3.

d port 7 normally close by the piston valve 2 is connected to a pipe 8leading the fuel to the injector 9 where it enters ooves 10 of increasincross-section straight or helicoidal accor in to the ap lications, andwhich are provide in the periphery of, and extend lengthwise along, amass of nonoxidizahle metal, constituting the heater 11 located withinthe injector body 9 which is at its end provided with a multiple-jetnozzle 12. lits main jet aperture 15 forms an extension of the centralfeed channel 13. Fine grooves are provided in the injector` bodyv 9 soas. to constitute a series of secondary jets, gau ed 4and fed by meansof ob liquely exten ing conduits opening out into an annular [groovewhich forms a communication between all the grooves 14.

A casing 16 enclosing the injector-body 9 forms around same an annularchamber 17 of increasing cross-section. y

d ch k valve 18 establishes at the reuired moment a 'communicationbetween t e chamber 17 and the supply of compressed gas at 5. .d smallautomatic ball-valve A19 allows communication with the atmosphere \atthe required moment through the port l The casing 16 ends in a series ofdischar e openings 21 constituted by the nozzle 12, t e casing itselfand the body of the igniting device 22 opening out into the cylinder30'of the engine.

'llhe feeding of the first discharge opening occurs throu h ,thehelicoidal Arecesses 23 provided in t e body of the nozzle' 12, and thatof the second dlschar opening occurs through the annular cham er 24formed by` bores 1n the Wall of the casing 16 and openinglout into thechamber 17.` lln some cases, a cllow heat-conducting metal sphere 25brought to the temperature of ignition of the fuel before starting,forms a temperature regulator for the casing 16 and the injector 9. y i

'fhe inside of this sphere 25, which is in contact with the gases duringtheir combustion, may carry blades or wings 26 to increase the radiationsurface; its urpose is to regulate the temperature of t e abovementionedelements. The part 22 which is a had conductor, effects the ignition.Apertures 27 are provided to secure the formation of a carburetted zonein front of the ignitingj device.

onduits 28 provided in the-casing 16 allow communication between thechamber 17 and the inside of the sphere 25.

Avcoiled spring 29 constitutes a compensator for the expansion of theheater 11, which is able to move within the body 16 of the injector.

The element 11 is heated by conduction being in contact through itslongitudina projections forming the grooves 10 with the injector 9,whichv in turn is in contact witlr the casing 16. rlfhe latter receivesits heat from the metal sphere 25. r 1 The operation of the apparatus isas folows:

lhe liquid fuel, fed under hi h pressure by means of a pump, enters trough the Bort 4. Being non-compressible, it pushes efore it theistonMvalve 2 which controls theopenin o the air admission valve 3 andexpelled through the conica uncovers t e port 7 through which the liquidfuel, by way of the pipe 8 reaches the expansion ooves 1.0 around theheater 1.1, whereby t e temperature of the fuel is raised. The fuelisthorouglhly mingled and land 15, of small cross-section, lso as toallowthe expansion of the fuel which owing to its gyratory motion, andits fluidity, Aleaves the jet apertures com letely atomized.

At the moment when the under pressure and the valve 3 is openedtherebyilcompressed air under high pressure enters t rough the port 5and opening check valve 18 flows into the annular chamber 17 ofincreasin section. The air is heated by they Walls cfg the casing 16 andwhile passing, carries away with it the atomized liquid escapin from theinclined jet apertures 14 around t e channel 13.

This compressed air passes through the' helicoidal grooves 23 providedin .thebody of the nozzle 12 carryin away with it the atomized fuelescaping t rough the central jet aperture 15 a jet of compressed airalsov made easier by the creation of the agitation and-thewhirlwind-like currents around the igniting device 22.v

During the feeding of the fuel, a certain quantity of air passes throughthe conduits 28 in order -to renew the supply of gases within the sphere25, which constitutes a temperature-regulating device, in that this vsphere being heated by the gases of combustion yields a certain amountof its heat to the feeding device.

As the injection is completed, the hydraulic pressure ceases and thecompressed air exerting a strong pressure on the upper portion of thevalve 3 closes the same at the same time returning the piston-valve 2 toits initial position. The port 7 is now again closed until the nextinjection. During the closing movement of the piston-valve 2 thecompressed air still enetrates into the annular chamber 17 an b itsexpansion completely carries away al the fuel in order to avoid theformation lof a carbonaceous clogging at the end of the injector. flheautomatic ball-valve 19 allows the admission of pure air to expel theburnt gases contained in the chamber 17 when the driving piston is atthe admission stage. The circulation and the expansion of the cold airthrough the annular chamber 17 make it jet apertures 14:

possible to control the temperature of the injector-body 9, the expandedair absorbing olf a certain uantity of heat in order to avoid the conensation of the fuel during vaorization.

he drawing illustrates one embodiment of my invention, vbut it is quiteobvious that the arrangement of the elements composing the pulverizermay vary without the mode of operation being changed.

The device also may have other uses than that indicated. j

I claim as my invention:

el is introd11ced\` 1.V A. liquid fuel atomizer and vaporizer comprisinga central heatin body, an injector casing enclosing sai heating body andbeing spaced therefrom, an injector nozzle at the end of the said casinan outer casing surrounding the said injector casin and formingtherewith an annular cham er, a cylinder in communication with the saidinjector casin a piston valve movable in the said cylin er and adaptedto be operated by the pressure of the liquid fuel -to admit the same tothe said injectorcasing and an air-inlet valve moving with the saidpiston-valve, so as to admit pro ortionally to the amount of fuelinjected into said injector casing compressed air into the said annularchamber, the compressed air forming a mixture with the heated atomzedfuel in the said injector nozzle and carrying the fuel along with it.

2. The combination as set forth in claim 1, comprising also aspring-controlled check valve interposed between the said air-inletvalve andthe said annular chamber.

3. The combination of the fuel atomizer and vaporizer as set forth inclaim 1 with an internal combustion engine, the said combinationcomprising also a hollow spherical body. arranged around the said outercasing in commumcation with the engine c linder, so as to be heated bythe hot combustion gases.

4. The combination of the fuel atomizer and vaporizer as set forth inclaim 1 with an internal combustion engine, the said combinationcomprising also a hollow spherical body arranged around the said outercasing in communication withthe engine cylinder, so as to be heatedbythe hot combustion gases, and heat absorbing and conduct- :l'ing1blades provided in said hollow spherical 5. combined liquid fuelatomizer and vaporizer comprising a central heating body for the fuelcontaining grooves so as to impart a gyrating motion to the fuel, aninjector casing enclosing the said heating body being spaced therefrom,an in'ector nozzle at the end of said casing and aving axial and radialapertures, an outer casing surrounding the said injector casing formingtherewith an annular chamber, a cylinder in 'Lerrone 4communication withSeidl injector casing, n

piston-valve morablein snict cyliner enti edn ted to be o crateri by thepressure et the iqnid fuel, t ereby cmitting the seme to the scifiinjector cnsing, nn nir-inlet votre moving with the said piston valve sons to admit compressed nir to the Seidl nnnnlnr chamber in pro ortion tothe amount ot trici injected into t e seid injector ceasing, thecompressed nir forming n mixture with the hearted etomized fuel in theSeidl injector nozzle, mid n spring-controlled check valve interposedbetween the said cir-inlet votre endl the scid annular chamber. Y

6.. The combination as set forth in claim il, comprising also enautomatic haii-Valve so nrrnnged es to periodicaliy admit pure nir tothe seid annular chamber.

iin testimony whereof affix my signature.

FRANQUIS RUCHEFRT.

